Thaum koj siv cov kev tshawb fawb sib txawv los tshawb xyuas "Nyiv metallurgy", koj yuav pom tias txhua yam ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab tshawb nrhiav tau hais tias Nyiv metallurgy tau ua ntej hauv ntiaj teb tau ntau xyoo, Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Meskas thiab Russia tsis zoo. raws li Nyij Pooj, khav theeb txog Nyij Pooj thiab nce mus rau Tuam Tshoj, Tebchaws Asmeskas thiab Russia, tab sis qhov no puas yog tiag?Mobei tau koom nrog kev lag luam bearing ntau xyoo.Nws yuav tsum tau kho lub npe ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov kabmob steel thiab qhia txog qhov tseeb ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov kabmob steel, uas yog deb tshaj qhov koj xav tau!
Kev lag luam metallurgical npog ntau yam, nrog rau ntau yam ferrous hlau thiab non-ferrous hlau.Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ncaj qha piv rau lub teb chaws twg yog thawj.Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog qhov yooj yim kom paub meej tias Nyiv lub metallurgy yog tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb.Peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam tag nrho cov teeb meem kev lag luam ntawm metallurgical kev lag luam, thiab tom qab ntawd nkag siab tob txog cov qauv kev sib tw ntawm qee cov khoom tseem ceeb metallurgical.Zuag qhia tag nrho, lub ntiaj teb steel export lag luam yog 380 billion US dollars, Tuam Tshoj tus steel export yog 39.8 billion US dollars, Nyiv tus yog 26.7 billion US dollars, lub teb chaws Yelemees yog 25.4 billion US dollars, Kaus lim qab teb yog 23.5 billion US dollars thiab Russia yog 19.8 billion US dollars. .Hais txog steel export cov ntaub ntawv, Tuam Tshoj yog ua ntej ntawm Nyiv.Qee tus neeg yuav hais tias "Tuam Tshoj cov hlau tsuas yog loj tab sis tsis muaj zog", tab sis Tuam Tshoj tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau ntawm kev sib pauv txawv teb chaws los ntawm kev xa tawm steel.Raws li tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm steel, Nyiv tsis ua rau lub ntiaj teb.Tom ntej no, kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb metallurgical raug tshuaj xyuas.Tus nqi saw ntawm ferrous hlau pyramid los ntawm siab mus rau qis yog: superalloy, cuab yeej thiab tuag steel, bearing steel, ultra-siab zog steel, stainless hlau thiab crude steel.
Superalloy
Cia peb tham txog superalloys.Superalloys yog nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub pyramid tus nqi saw.Kev noj cov khoom siv superalloys tsuas yog 0.02% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom siv hlau, tab sis kev lag luam nplai yog siab li kaum tawm lab nyiaj daus las, thiab nws tus nqi siab dua li lwm cov khoom siv hlau.Piv nrog rau tus nqi nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus nqi ib tuj ntawm superalloy yog siab li kaum tawm txhiab daus las, tus nqi ib tuj ntawm stainless hlau yog ntau txhiab daus las, thiab tus nqi ib tuj ntawm cov hlau tsis huv yog ntau pua las.Superalloys feem ntau yog siv hauv aerospace thiab roj turbines.Tsis muaj ntau tshaj 50 lub lag luam uas tuaj yeem tsim Superalloys rau aerospace thoob plaws ntiaj teb.Ntau lub teb chaws suav cov khoom lag luam superalloy hauv kev siv aerospace raws li cov khoom siv tub rog.
PCC (precision castparts Corp) nyob rau ntawm tsib lub lag luam hauv ntiaj teb superalloy ntau lawm Nws cov lag luam SMC (Special Metals Corporation), VDM ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, imphy alloys ntawm Fabkis, kws ntoo Technology Corporation ntawm lub tebchaws United States thiab ATI (Allegheny Technologies Inc) ntawm lub Tebchaws Asmeskas, tom qab ntawd suav nrog Hitachi hlau thiab metallurgical kev lag luam hauv Nyij Pooj.Saib ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm txhua lub lag luam, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas yog qhov ntau dua li ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.
Tool thiab tuag steel
Dhau li ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov hlau tuag, cov cuab yeej thiab cov hlau tuag yog cov npe ntawm cov hlau tuag thiab cov cuab yeej siab ceev.Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tuag thiab cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm siab.Tooling yog hu ua "niam ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub", uas qhia tau hais tias qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej steel hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no.Cov cuab yeej thiab cov hlau tuag yog ib hom hlau tshwj xeeb uas muaj nqi ntxiv, thiab cov khoom lag luam tus nqi siab dua li cov hlau tshwj xeeb zoo tib yam.
Sab saum toj tsib lub lag luam ranked nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no tso zis ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab tuag steel yog: Austria VAI / Voestalpine, Tuam Tshoj Tiangong thoob ntiaj teb, lub teb chaws Yelemees smo bigenbach / schmolz + bickenbach, Northeast Tuam Tshoj tshwj xeeb steel, Tuam Tshoj Baowu, Nyiv Datong qeb thib rau, thiab Suav lag luam qeb duas 20 nyob rau hauv cov zis yog: Hebei Wenfeng muaj pab pawg neeg, Qilu tshwj xeeb steel, Great Wall tshwj xeeb steel, Taiwan Ronggang CITIC.Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub sab saum toj 20 tuam txhab uas muag tsim cov cuab yeej thiab tuag steel, cov zis ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab tuag steel nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog ho ntau dua li nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws.
Cov kabmob steel
Cia peb tham txog cov kabmob steel.Cov kabmob steel yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau nruj tshaj plaws hauv txhua qhov kev tsim steel.Nws muaj cov kev cai nruj heev ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov ntsiab lus thiab kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom tsis yog xim hlau thiab kev faib cov carbides ntawm cov kabmob steel.Tshwj xeeb, high-end bearing steel ntawm high-end bearings yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muaj peev xwm dais load rau lub sij hawm ntev, tab sis kuj muaj tseeb, tswj, tawv thiab txhim khu kev qha.Nws yog ib qho nyuaj tshwj xeeb steels rau smelt.Fushun Tshwj Xeeb Steel aviation bearing steel khoom muaj kev lag luam hauv tsev ntawm ntau dua 60%.
Qhov muag ntim ntawm Daye Tshwj Xeeb Steel Bearing Steel suav rau ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov muag khoom nyob rau hauv Suav teb, thiab railway bearing steel account rau 60% ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam.Daye Tshwj xeeb steel bearing steel yog siv rau bearings ntawm high-ceev railways nyob rau hauv Fabkis thiab lub teb chaws Yelemees, raws li zoo raws li high-ceev railway bearings imported los ntawm Tuam Tshoj.Daye Special Steel, high-end bearing steel rau high-power kiv cua lub ntsiab bearings thiab cua zog bearing dov ntsiab, muaj ib tug domestic kev lag luam feem ntau tshaj 85%, thiab high-end cua zog bearing steel khoom yog exported rau cov teb chaws Europe, Is Nrias teb. thiab lwm lub tebchaws.
Kev tsim thiab muag ntim ntawm cov kabmob steel ntawm Xingcheng Tshwj Xeeb Steel tau nyob rau hauv Suav teb rau 16 xyoo sib law liag thiab thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb rau 10 xyoo sib law liag.Hauv kev ua lag luam hauv tsev, qhov sib koom ntawm cov txheej txheem siab bearing steel tau mus txog 85%.Txij li xyoo 2003, cov kabmob steel ntawm Xingcheng Tshwj Xeeb Steel tau maj mam txais los ntawm lub ntiaj teb sab saum toj yim cov kabmob manufacturers, suav nrog Sweden SKF, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Schaeffler, Nyiv NSK, Fabkis ntn-snr, thiab lwm yam.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev, Suav tuam txhab lag luam tuav feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam.Tuam Tshoj yog lub lag luam loj.Nws yog obviously unrealistic tham txog lub ntiaj teb no tsis muaj Tuam Tshoj.Cov ntaub ntawv no tsis txhawb nqa Nyiv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb tau ntau xyoo lawm.Thawj cov lus ntawm Wang Huaishi, Secretary General ntawm Tuam Tshoj Tshwj Xeeb Steel Enterprise Association, yog raws li nram no: lub cev zoo ntawm bearing steel khoom nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj tau mus txog lub thoob ntiaj teb ua theem, uas yog reflected tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv kev qhia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ntshuam thiab xa tawm.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov ntau ntawm cov kabmob tuaj txawv teb chaws tsawg heev, thiab Tuam Tshoj tuaj yeem tsim yuav luag txhua hom;Ntawm qhov tod tes, coob tus high-end bearing steels tsim nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog exported thiab muas los ntawm thoob ntiaj teb high-end bearing tuam txhab.
Ultra siab zog steel
Tsis tas li ntawd, ultra-siab zog steel hais txog cov hlau uas muaj zog tawm los ntau dua 1180mpa thiab tensile zog siab dua 1380mpa.Nws yog dav siv hauv kev lag luam aerospace thiab kev lag luam tsheb.Nws yog cov khoom siv high-tech steel, uas feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov khoom siv dav hlau tsaws thiab tsheb kev nyab xeeb.Cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ultra-siab zog steel khoom nyob rau hauv lub tsheb teb yog aluminium silicon coated kub tsim steel.Aluminium silicon txheej kub tsim cov khoom ua rau ArcelorMittal lub lag luam nrog cov khoom lag luam siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hlau rau BIW hauv ntiaj teb.ArcelorMittal aluminium silicon txheej kub tsim cov khoom lag luam suav txog li 20% ntawm cov khoom siv hlau siv rau BIW (xws li roj tsav thiab hluav taws xob tsheb) hauv ntiaj teb.
Aluminium silicon coated 1500MPa kub stamping hlau yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tsheb, nrog rau kev thov txhua xyoo ntawm ze li ntawm 4 lab tons thoob ntiaj teb.Aluminium silicon txheej thev naus laus zis tau tsim los ntawm ArcelorMittal ntawm Luxembourg hauv xyoo 1999 thiab maj mam tsim kev lag luam thoob plaws ntiaj teb.Lub zog muaj zog hlau rau lub tsheb dav dav yog kwv yees li 5000 yuan ib tuj, thaum aluminium silicon coated kub-tsim steel patented los ntawm ArcelorMittal yog ntau tshaj 8000 yuan ib tuj, uas yog 60% kim dua.Ntxiv nrog rau nws tus kheej ntau lawm, ArcelorMittal tseem yuav tso cai patents rau ob peb lub tuam txhab hlau thoob ntiaj teb rau kev tsim khoom thiab muag khoom, them tus nqi ntawv tso cai siab.Txog rau xyoo 2019, ntawm lub rooj sib tham hauv Tuam Tshoj lub tsheb sib tw, pab pawg ntawm xibfwb Yi Hongliang, Lub Xeev Lub Chaw Haujlwm Tseem Ceeb ntawm dov thev naus laus zis thiab txuas txuas txuas automation ntawm Northeast University, tau tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem tshiab aluminium silicon txheej, rhuav tshem 20 xyoo patent monopoly ntawm ArcelorMittal.
Cov khoom nto moo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv aviation teb yog American thoob ntiaj teb npib tsib xee 300M steel ntawm lub tuam txhab yog tsaws iav steel nrog lub zog siab tshaj plaws, kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev siv dav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.Tam sim no, ntau dua 90% ntawm cov khoom siv tsaws ntawm cov tub rog dav hlau thiab cov dav hlau dav hlau hauv kev pabcuam hauv Tebchaws Meskas yog ua los ntawm 300M steel.
Stainless hlau
Dhau li ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel, lub npe "stainless steel" los ntawm cov hlau no tsis yooj yim rau corrode thiab xeb zoo li cov hlau zoo tib yam.Nws yog dav siv hauv kev lag luam hnyav, kev lag luam lub teeb, kev lag luam khoom siv niaj hnub, kho kom zoo nkauj architectural thiab lwm yam lag luam.Sab saum toj 10 tuam txhab lag luam hauv ntiaj teb stainless hlau ntau lawm yog: Tuam Tshoj Qingshan, Tuam Tshoj Taiyuan Hlau thiab hlau, Kaus Lim Kauslim POSCO hlau thiab hlau, Tuam Tshoj Chengde, Spain acerinox, Finland ottokunp, Europe ampron, Tuam Tshoj Anshan Hlau thiab hlau, Lianzhong stainless hlau, Tuam Tshoj Delong nickel thiab Tuam Tshoj Baosteel stainless hlau.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau stainless thoob ntiaj teb yog 56.3% hauv Suav teb, 15.1% hauv Asia (tsis suav Tuam Tshoj thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb), 13% hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab 5% hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim khoom muaj ntau dua li ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.
Stainless hlau
Dhau li ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj steel, lub npe "stainless steel" los ntawm cov hlau no tsis yooj yim rau corrode thiab xeb zoo li cov hlau zoo tib yam.Nws yog dav siv hauv kev lag luam hnyav, kev lag luam lub teeb, kev lag luam khoom siv niaj hnub, kho kom zoo nkauj architectural thiab lwm yam lag luam.Sab saum toj 10 tuam txhab lag luam hauv ntiaj teb stainless hlau ntau lawm yog: Tuam Tshoj Qingshan, Tuam Tshoj Taiyuan Hlau thiab hlau, Kaus Lim Kauslim POSCO hlau thiab hlau, Tuam Tshoj Chengde, Spain acerinox, Finland ottokunp, Europe ampron, Tuam Tshoj Anshan Hlau thiab hlau, Lianzhong stainless hlau, Tuam Tshoj Delong nickel thiab Tuam Tshoj Baosteel stainless hlau.
Kev faib tawm ntawm cov hlau stainless thoob ntiaj teb yog 56.3% hauv Suav teb, 15.1% hauv Asia (tsis suav Tuam Tshoj thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb), 13% hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab 5% hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Tuam Tshoj txoj kev tsim khoom muaj ntau dua li ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.
Cov hlau tsis huv
Wb tham txog crude steel.Tuam Tshoj suav rau 56.5%, European Union rau 8.4%, Is Nrias teb rau 5.3%, Nyiv rau 4.5%, Russia rau 3.9%, Tebchaws Meskas rau 3.9%, Kaus Lim Qab Teb rau 3.6%, Qaib Cov Txwv rau 1.9% thiab Brazil rau 1.7%. .Tuam Tshoj yog nyob deb ua ntej ntawm kev ua lag luam.
Muab piv rau ntau yam khoom siv hlau hauv cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm ferrous hlau pyramid, qhov kev sib tw ua lag luam tiag tiag tsis xav tias Nyiv tau ua tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb rau ntau xyoo lawm.Ntau cov ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab hauv Is Taws Nem thov tias Nyiv lub metallurgy ua rau lub ntiaj teb yuav tham txog lub thib tsib tiam ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy thawj zaug tsim los ntawm Nyiv, uas yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb.
Nws yuav tsum paub tias ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy yuav tsum tau mus txog ntau tshaj 15 xyoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev loj hlob mus rau kev loj hlob.Piv txwv li, lub thib ob tiam ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy Ren é N5, uas yog dav siv los ntawm GE, pib alloy kev loj hlob nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1980s thiab tsis tau siv mus txog rau thaum nruab nrab thiab lig 1990s.Lub cim thib ob ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy pwa1484, uas tau siv dav los ntawm Pratt Whitney, tau pib txhim kho thaum xyoo 1980s thiab tsis tau siv rau F110 thiab lwm yam aeroengines siab heev txog thaum nruab nrab thiab lig 1990s.
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau cav tej yaam num nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws mus rashly txais Nyiv lub immature thib tsib tiam ib crystal superalloy.Qhov tsuas siv tau yog Nyiv lub tiam tshiab fighter.Tsoomfwv Nyij Pooj npaj yuav xa cov tub rog tshiab rau xyoo 2035, uas yog, nws yuav siv sijhawm ntev los pom qhov thib tsib tiam no ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy dav siv.Yog li Nyiv Qhov Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm lub thib tsib tiam ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy yog dab tsi?Txhua yam tseem tsis tau paub.
Peb yuav tsum paub tias Nyiv thawj mus rau tiam thib plaub ib leeg siv lead ua superalloys tsis tau siv dav, uas yog txaus los qhia tias Nyiv ib leeg siv lead ua superalloys rov qab rau tam sim no.Kev lag luam kev sib tw qauv ntawm superalloy, cuab yeej thiab tuag steel, bearing steel, ultra-siab zog steel, stainless hlau thiab crude steel tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub thib tsib tiam ib leeg siv lead ua superalloy uas Nyiv lub metallurgy tau ua nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no rau ntau xyoo lawm thiab tsis tau ua tiag tiag. siv.Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua pov thawj tias Nyiv lub metallurgy tau ua tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb rau ntau xyoo lawm, txawm tias cov neeg sau ntawv ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab no muaj peev xwm ua rau lub neej yav tom ntej, thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov qhov tseeb.
Ntau tus phooj ywg nug, "vim li cas Suav bearings tsis tuaj yeem?", ntau tus neeg teb tias: "Tuam Tshoj lub tshuab ua haujlwm tsis zoo, thiab kev kho cua sov tsis zoo."muaj ntau cov lus nug thiab lus teb zoo sib xws.Qhov tseeb, ntau tus neeg yuav tsis paub tias Tuam Tshoj tsis tsuas yog muab cov khoom siv raw - bearing steel rau cov lag luam txawv teb chaws, tab sis kuj muab cov bearings tseem ceeb thiab txawm tias tiav bearings rau cov lag luam paub zoo txawv teb chaws xws li SKF hauv Sweden, Schaeffler hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, Timken hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab NSK hauv Nyij Pooj.
Nyob rau hauv luv luv, muaj ib feem ntawm "ua nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj" ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tus saum toj kawg nkaus xya bearing manufacturers.Cov tuam txhab muaj npe nrov xws li SKF hauv Sweden, Schaeffler hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, Timken hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab NSK hauv Nyij Pooj tuaj yeem yuav suav cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv raw hauv cov khoom siv, uas yog txaus los ua pov thawj tias Tuam Tshoj txoj kev machining thiab kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom. cov cai;Kev txais yuav Suav bearings los ntawm cov tuam txhab paub zoo txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm Suav bearings, uas tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov xav tau tiag tiag ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Tuam Tshoj tus kabmob kev lag luam tau dhau los ua neeg paub tab nrog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub sijhawm.Los ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem kev lag luam mus rau kev coj tus kheej thev naus laus zis tshiab, thiab los ntawm kev nce cov khoom tsim tawm mus rau kev muag khoom txhua xyoo, peb tuaj yeem qhia rau lub ntiaj teb tias Tuam Tshoj twb yog ib lub teb chaws uas tsis muaj kev sib tw, thiab cov kev tsim khoom muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. !Raws li No. 1 e-lag luam hom ntawm Tuam Tshoj cov khoom lag luam, Mobei tseem yuav pab txhawb nws tus kheej lub zog rau Tuam Tshoj txoj kev lag luam kev lag luam raws li Tuam Tshoj lub teb chaws cov xwm txheej, kom "ua hauv Suav teb" tuaj yeem hnov txog lub ntiaj teb!
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-27-2021